I can't install macOS on my MacBook Pro system.

I replace it because sometimes when i turn on my computer my macbook shows the "?" icon.

For that reason I suspected that it was the connector, and here i get another similar (part number: 821-1480-A) and that works correctly.. My previous connector which worked perfectly until a while ago, also had the same part number

So i dont know what is the real problem...

The 1480-A is old; don't use it. You want the revisions I put in the answer.

Yes you need a new HD SATA cable!

The original one is not rated for the higher speed of your new SSD.

You also want to place a stripe of electricians tape on the upper case where the cable crosses over, and you don't want to fold the cable with a sharp fold as that will damage the foil conductors inside use either bamboo skewer to help shape the radius of the turns.

@danj too bad it's harder to make that clear to '12 owners they may need to do it as well :-(. '11 buyers pretty much know it probably needs to be done unless it was advertised as fixed (and verified) or it was done by a previous owner and wasn't mentioned. Sometimes they're done if the original cable failed and the person fixing it used common sense and got the newer SATA III cable. I thought the '12 was safe since they didn't get well known to ship with SATA II hardware.

I know when I got mine it was more "When do I need to address this if it isn't", but that's because I got the i5 '11 since it's cheaper then the equivalent i5 '12 with no major penalties in terms of performance.

They should ;-}

Your Hard Drive Cable Is A Ticking Time Bomb which is the other issue with these systems.