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I bought an XPS 13 9370 notebook with a CPU model of i7 8650u. I want to upgrade to windows11 system, but I am prompted that the TPM module is not found. Can I install a TPM module to solve this problem by myself? Thank you！
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Sadly, with the ones which were originally shipped as "PRC" systems new have it completely removed, with a completely different motherboard. It cannot be added to the machines at all - even after purchase. The BIOS doesn't support it and the motherboards are COMPLETELY UNIQUE to China (different DP/N and likely BIOS/Intel Boot Guard private keys), so you can't swap them "like for like" outside of China if it originated there.
This list is not all inclusive, but it can be used as a baseline; if the model is related and lacks the TPM option, it might be another one with the TPM removed due to being a "PRC" unit when shipped as new.
The rub about the "regulatory requirement" Dells is that they are otherwise compatible; but the lack of a TPM creates a major technicality as the US build of 11 assumes it will be present and acts unsupported with these laptops. Chinese Win11 builds may work with the China TCM, but I'm NOT TESTING these Chinese TPMs for compatibility with US builds of 11. This is not your fault, but this now means it means it has no official support from Microsoft outside of being in China where this issue is expected to be a problem!
Note: These are sometimes called a "China TPM", notably by Dell.
Yours checks all the boxes so it'll run fine... but the lack of a HW TPM or fTPM means you won't get official support from Microsoft in the US (or any country that doesn't have such draconian laws on tech that doesn't legally force there to be backdoors). While it may not be "supported" if I had this laptop I'd probably install 11 with the Rufus CPU/TPM bypass applied since the "issue" is not the machine; it's the Chinese government forcing companies to remove the TPM at the PCB level for "PRC" sold equipment.
The issue is a rather infamous "national security" law around TPMs. Essentially China bans any non-homegrown TPM from other countries. China has a unique spec which is referred to as a TCM; and yes, the spec is confidential to anyone outside of China who makes these things. And yes, it's why you think it is (backdoors and weak encryption which is reversible rather than non-reversible; frowned upon in literally most of the world outside of China).
NOBODY WILL TOUCH THE TCM SPEC BESIDES CHINA FOR MANY GOOD REASONS! If a US company does want to do it, they isolate the US portion. Most will not partake in manufacturing these things without a Chinese firewall and set up a China subsidiary for... obvious reasons. The only way to avoid issues with these "China TPM" modules in the US and the rest of the world is to keep the CCP from being able to touch the US branch.
What Dell did was rather than deal with finding a compliant part to work around China's "national security" TPM ban with a weak "TCM", remove it altogether. Dell did figure out how to deal with the ban at some point, but it wasn't with your machine :-(. These pre-TCM Dells are forever crippled. You would think this isn't a problem but is IS; Win11 being one, but the used market... I can import a Canadian (or any other sane country) version into the US with a normal TPM and no problems, but if it's a "PRC" Dell with this problem the only resolution is a new motherboard.
Is it possible the laptop has an fTPM? Yes, but knowing the Chinese gov't it's either permanently disabled with a different Boot Guard private key or disable at the manufacturing level (even if I put a US/Canada BIOS on).
For full support, you need a US motherboard you can program your ST onto to add the TPM back. The other options are the unofficial upgrade/whole unit replacement. If you replace the laptop and sell this one, please be upfront that it's a non-TPM "PRC" laptop. You will lose money on it but would you rather take the hit upfront or have to take this problem laptop back?
This is what you will see on a TCG complaint computer -- Dell uses Infineon or Nuvoton (my 7490 is Nuvoton, while my E7440 was Infineon 1.2; fTPM computers will say AMD or Intel):
Intel fTPM:
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@eliauk take a good read on here and follow those instructions. See if your computer can run it. More instructions from Dell for the TPM are available right here
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I tried to find the TPM enable option in the BIOS, but it is not in the list, so it is possible that the TPM hardware sold in China is missing. I don't know if I can restore the TPM module by installing the hardware. Thank you for your reply.again!
@eliauk that would be part of your motherboard and not a separate module. If your chipset does not support TPM there is nothing else you can do for now. Double check the Dell instructions as well. your computer is not that old and I would expect it to support TPM 2.0. @nick what do you think about this?
@oldturkey03 It's part of the motherboard with Dell. China's national security laws mean the China SKU lacks the TPM the US SKU of the same laptop has.
Unless the TPM is CCP approved (read: backdoored) it won't ever have one and can't be added. Not just Dell, either; ALL of them have to remove the TPM with a China only motherboard or swap/reprogram the TPM/fTPM to use TCM.
@nick yes. Part of the Chipset and totally controlled by we know who.
@oldturkey03 I wouldn't trust a CCP approved TPM. I know people who will bring a disposable laptop to countries like this.
They're probably permanently blocking it out with a unique BIOS with a different private key for China too so we can't flash US firmware onto Chinese Dells. If it's the same CPU, probably blowing some fuse to disable it like they do on the code 3 commercial machines (no AMT/VPRO). It's just completely frustrating that these Chinese Dells are unsupported without a US motherboard unless you want to learn Chinese (for the parts a language pack doesn't help) through no fault of the owners. While not conclusive, this gives you a generalized idea of which ones are DOA if they were China bound.
I mean TECHNICALLY it's compliant outside of the TPM so you could upgrade it in theory, but it will not be supported (through no fault of the owner of the machine, especially if they aren't aware if it lacks the TPM a US version would have). Dell DID add a "China TPM" later, but until they found a TCM (domestic) it had to be fully removed.
Let's hope we don't see too many of these things here crop up and the numbers of these "non upgradeable" machines flood recyclers. They will get passed around until they're shredded/parted out, so I encourage the OP to upgrade unofficially -- at least see it out to its death and recycling fate where it will probably "die" after being gutted due to the motherboard.
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