Contrary to popular misconception this is not actually the GPU, that’s the PCH (Platform Controller Hub). This is equivalent to the “chipset” on a desktop motherboard. It handles some of the functions that are not as high priority or don’t require the level of bandwidth the CPU supports.
Unfortunately, if the PCH is toast, only way to get function back is to replace the CPU. Which in a laptop is not something easily done since the CPU is soldered to the board.